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Thomas Gainsborough
Thomas Gainsborough FRSA (christened 14 May 1727, died 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. He surpassed his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds to become the dominant British portraitist of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. He preferred landscapes to portraits, and is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.
==Youth and training==
He was born in Sudbury, Suffolk, the youngest son of John Gainsborough, a weaver and maker of woollen goods, and his wife, the sister of the Reverend Humphry Burroughs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Thomas Gainsborough )〕 One of Gainsborough's brothers, Humphrey, had a faculty for mechanics and was said to have invented the method of condensing steam in a separate vessel, which was of great service to James Watt; another brother, John, was known as ''Scheming Jack'' because of his passion for designing curiosities.〔Fulcher, George William, ''Life of Thomas Gainsborough'', London 1856〕
The artist spent his childhood at what is now Gainsborough's House, on Gainsborough Street (he later resided there, following the death of his father in 1749). The original building still survives and is now a dedicated House to his life and art.
When he was still a boy he impressed his father with his drawing and painting skills, and he almost certainly had painted heads and small landscapes by the time he was ten years old, including a miniature self-portrait.〔Conrad, Stephen, "Thomas Gainsborough's First Self-portrait", ''The British Art Journal'', Vol. XII, No. 1, Summer 2011, pp. 52–59〕 Gainsborough was allowed to leave home in 1740 to study art in London, where he trained under engraver Hubert Gravelot〔 but became associated with William Hogarth and his school. He assisted Francis Hayman in the decoration of the supper boxes at Vauxhall Gardens,〔 and contributed to the decoration of what is now the Thomas Coram Foundation for Children.
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